Learn About Causative Verbs

Learn About Causative Verbs In English grammar, a causative verb  is a verb  used to indicate that some person or thing makes s of causative verbs  include make, cause, allow, help, have, enable, keep, hold, let, force, and require, which can also be referred to as causal verbs or simply causatives. A causative verb, which can be in any tense, is generally followed by an object and another verb form- often an infinitive or a  participle  - and are used to describe something that happens because of a person, place, or thing whose actions bring about change in another entity. Interestingly enough, the word cause isnt the prototypical causative verb in English because cause has a much more specific and less frequently used definition than make, which is used most frequently to indicate someone making something happen. Allows vs. Lets English grammar is full of small rules that help speakers understand the vast  subtleties of correct usage and style. Such is the case with the rules pertaining to the causative verbs allows and lets, wherein both convey the same meaning - a person permits another to do something - but require different noun-verb form pairings to follow them. The word allows is almost always followed by an object, which in turn is followed by the infinitive form of the verb allows is modifying. Such is the case in the sentence Corey allows his friends to chat with him, wherein allows is the causative verb, his friends the object of the phrase, and to chat the infinitive form of what Corey is allowing his friends to do. On the other hand, the causative verbs lets is almost always followed by an object then the base form of the verb thats being modified. Such is the case in the sentence Corey lets his friends chat with him, wherein lets is the causative verb, his friends the object of the phrase, and chat the base form of the verb Corey lets his friends do. The Most Popular Causative Verb One would think that cause would be the most frequently used and typical example of causative verbs, but thats simply not the case. Francis Katamba explains in Morphology that the word cause is a causative verb but it has a more specialized meaning (implying direct causation) than make and it is much less common.   Instead, make is the most common causative verb, which also differs from other causative verbs in that it omits the word to from complementary verb clauses that follow while in the active form (make), but do require the word to while in the passive form of made. For example, Jill makes me run daily and I was made to run daily by Jill. In both senses, the causative verb make still implies that someone causes the subject to run, but English grammar dictates that the accompanying verb phrase for make differs for that of made. Rules like these abound in usage and style, and its important for English as an Alternative Language (EAL) students to commit these types of guidelines to memory - as they dont often appear in other forms.

Definition and Examples of the Comparative Degree

Definition and Examples of the Comparative Degree In English grammar, the comparative is the form of an adjective or adverb involving a comparison of more or less, greater or lesser. Comparatives in English are either marked by the suffix -er  (as in the faster bike) or identified by the word more or less (the more difficult job. Almost all  one-syllable  adjectives, along with some two-syllable adjectives, add  -er  to the  base  to form the comparative. In most adjectives of two or more  syllables, the comparative is identified by the word  more  or  less. Test your knowledge by working through this  Exercise in Using the Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives. Examples and Observations We can rebuild. Enlarge the containment field. Make it bigger and stronger than ever! But we need money. -Alfred Molina as Doc Ock in Spider-Man 2, 2004There is no kind of dishonesty into which otherwise good people more easily and frequently fall than that of defrauding the government. -Benjamin FranklinThe stronger the smell of whiskey on him, the kinder and gentler he was with me and my brother. -Harry Crews, A Childhood: The Biography of a Place, 1978There is nothing worse than aggressive stupidity. -Johann Wolfgang von GoetheIn memory, the games seem continuous and the days longer, richer, denser, and emptier than any others in my life. -Pete Hamill, A Drinking Life, 1994I had always wanted to go further, higher, deeper, free myself from the net that held me, but whatever I tried I always ended up back at the same door. -Pierre Reverdy, The Glory of Words, 1953; trans. by Andrew McCulloch, 2011Men have so far treated women like birds who had strayed to them from some height: wil der, stranger, sweeter, and more soulfulbut as something one has to lock up lest it fly away. -Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil Youre a woman after my own heart. Tougher than wagon leather, smarter than spit, and colder than January. -Clark Cable as Dan Kehoe in The King and Four Queens, 1956After a second of shock he had recognized Edgar Demarnay. They had not met for several years. An Edgar grown fatter and grosser and older, but Edgar still, with his big pink boys face and his fat lips and his copious short fluffy hair now pale grey instead of pale gold. -Iris Murdoch, The Sacred and Profane Love Machine, 1974 Comparative Forms There are a few irregular comparative forms, for example good ~ better, bad ~ worse, little ~ less, many/much ~ more, far ~ further. Regular one-syllable gradable adjectives and adverbs form their comparative by adding -(e)r, but for most adjectives and adverbs of more than one syllable it is necessary to add the preceding adverb more (or less for a comparison in the opposite direction), for example more careful, more slowly, less natural. The comparative forms make a series with the base (uninflected) and superlative forms. -Geoffrey Leech, A Glossary of English Grammar. Edinburgh University Press, 2006  Take some more tea, the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly.Ive had nothing yet, Alice replied in an offended tone, so I cant take more.You mean you cant take less, said the Hatter: its very easy to take more than nothing. -Lewis Carroll, Alices Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, 1865A man is usually more careful of his money than he is of his principles. -Ralph Waldo Emerson A solitary, unused to speaking of what he sees and feels, has mental experiences which are at once more intense and less articulate than those of a gregarious man. -Thomas MannNothing wilts faster than laurels that have been rested upon. -Carl RowanThe trouble about trying to make yourself stupider than you really are is that you very often succeed. -C. S. LewisIt is easier to live through someone else than to become complete yourself. -Betty FriedanIt is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than to open it and remove all doubt. -Mark Twain Correlative Forms The constructions formed by the more . . . the more (or -er . . . -er), the less . . . the less, the more . . . the less can be used correlatively to indicate a progressive increase, or decrease, of the quality or process described. Both adjectives and adverbs can occur in the construction: The bigger they are, the harder they fall, dont they? (adj-adv) [BNC KBB 4742]The sooner you forget the whole incident, the better. (adv-adv)Its funny, the more painting you do, the more you realise you dont know. [BNC CCO 344]The more closely I look at the problem, the less clearly I see a solution.(adv-adv) -Angela Downing and Philip Locke, English Grammar: A University Course. Routledge, 2006The more original a discovery, the more obvious it seems afterward. -Arthur Koestler The Lighter Side of Comparatives When Im good, Im very good, but when Im bad, Im better. -Mae West to Cary Grant in Im No Angel, 1933)[W]e did learn some important life lessons from sports. I learned, for example, that even though I was not as big, or fast, or strong, or coordinated as the other kids, if I worked really hardif I gave 100 percent and never quit- I would still be smaller, slower, weaker, and less coordinated than the other kids. -Dave Barry, Ill Mature When Im Dead. Berkley, 2010In one of his shows, [Jack Benny] and his guest star Vincent Price drank some freshly brewed coffee. After savoring a sip, Benny announced, This is the better coffee I ever tasted.Price snapped, You mean the best coffee!Benny snapped back, Theres only two of us drinking it! -Ken Tucker, Kissing Bill OReilly, Roasting Miss Piggy: 100 Things to Love and Hate About TV. Macmillan, 2005Creamy Jif is peanuttier than any other leading creamy brand. Choosy moms choose Jif. -Advertisement for Jif peanut butter, Parents magazine, 2002) He had been looking like a dead fish. He now looked like a deader fish, one of last years, cast up on some lonely beach and left there at the mercy of the wind and tides. -P.G. Wodehouse, Right Ho, Jeeves, 1934 Pronunciation: kom-PAR-a-tiv

Workshop Report (Analysis of the Mediation Exercise) Essay

Workshop Report (Analysis of the Mediation Exercise) - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to analyze what occurred in the mediation between Glen Ford and William Holden using a particular element of the models/frameworks presented during the workshop, including a description of a particular intervention dynamic that occurred during the mediation and how it affected the course of the mediation (Fisher & Ury, 1991 and Charlton & Dewdney, 2004). The conflict started out because a formerly successful partnership between Ford and Holden had reached an unhappy point. Holden feels that Ford is too old to drive and is concerned that he has had an accident in the recent past. Furthermore, Holden feels upset that Ford has spent a great deal of time on television appearances rather than improving his driving abilities. On the other side, Ford believes that Holden does not understand the importance of working the fans and building sponsorships. He feels that racing is not all about driving as fast as one can in circles; rather that money is attracted by obtaining the best sponsors and the best fan base. Currently, their sponsors are upset with their dispute and are threatening to withdraw sponsorship. In order to avoid going to court, the parties agreed to have a mediation session in an attempt to settle their dispute. In this mediation session, the model used was facilitative mediation. With facilitative mediation, the process is the focus of the agenda. The parties in this case work out their own dispute with little interaction from the mediator other than general guidance. The mediator plays the role of a facilitator rather than as an individual that provides a great deal of advice or suggestions. Even though this model does not require that the mediator have any knowledge of the dispute before the mediation process begins, in this particular case the mediator did have knowledge of the situation at hand before the mediation process started (Fisher & Ury, 1991 and Charlton & Dewdney, 2004). The Type of Negotiation As far as the type of negotiation that was made in the course of this process, it was relationship building. In this type of negotiation, the parties are likely to move on to a long-term relationship based on the results of the mediation, even if the basis of this process has yet to be determined. Although this type of negotiation often results in a positive relationship being built after the mediation process has concluded, that relationship must be managed carefully in order to prevent further disputes from arising in the future. Both parties must have a great deal of knowledge and skills in order to make this type of negotiation work (Fisher & Ury, 1991 and Charlton & Dewdney, 2004). The Mediation Process The first step of the mediation process was to start the mediation by introducing myself and stating that I held a neutral position. Then, I explained the process of mediation according to the mediation flow: mediator's opening, parties' statements and issue identification, exploration, possible private sessions, joint discussion and ways forward, crafting terms and conditions, and closure. I listened to and outlined that statements and concerns from both sides, asking for a summary as well as why, how, and when. I then spoke to each party individually to determine any concerns that they may have and not want to say in front of

Classroom Management article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classroom Management article - Essay Example The article posits that contrary to popular belief, effective teacher-student relationship has less to do with a teacher's personality and more to do with specific teacher behavior that includes dominance, cooperation and an awareness of high-need students. Appropriate Levels of Dominance. Dominance is not a negative characteristic, but implies a teacher's ability to, "provide clear purpose and strong guidance". In fact most students, when surveyed preferred such teachers over more permissive ones. Cooperation. Teachers and students need to work together as one team. Allowing students to set their own goals and asking for their suggestions creates a sense of involvement and sends the message that the teacher, "cares about and tries to accommodate students' interests". Although in a position of authority, the teacher must remain approachable to students both within and outside the classroom. Awareness of High-need Students. Studies have shown that as many as 12 to 22 percent of students suffer from some sort of mental or emotional strain. The average teacher is neither equipped nor trained to deal with such students, who can be a disruptive influence. An awareness of this fact, coupled with a few simple techniques can go a long way in maintaining effective classroom management. The paper identifies the various types of high needs students, their characteristics, and the strategies that c

A Cure for Asthma :: Health Research Term Papers

A Cure for Asthma While the reality of a cure for asthma is a long ways off, the idea keeps many asthmatics hopeful and healthy. A cure is far down the road, but possible and very real. Asthmatics should realize both of these statements are true and keep their feet planted firmly on the ground while dreaming of the possibilities. The media plays a large role in how people view the possibility of a cure. Sometimes, news articles portray the positive side of a cure, showing how new developments and advancements are bringing us closer and closer to a cure. Other times, news articles portray the negative side of a cure, stating how far off a cure is and showing how insignificant new developments are. This can be a problem to those who are easily influenced by what they read. A news story written completely from the positive view will give readers false hope, but a story written completely form the negative view will leave readers with a hopeless outlook for the future. A happy medium is needed her e, and to make that happen, asthmatics should keep each other positive (but not too positive), stay informed, and get involved. Asthma and the Media The Negative Approach â€Å"A new report, finds strong causal evidence linking common indoor substances to the development or worsening of asthma symptoms.† ~UniSci, Daily University Science News The quote above illustrates how the media can emphasize the negative aspects of the disease. Instead of being hopeful and upbeat, the article describes to the reader the â€Å"development or worsening of asthma symptoms.† Granted, the quote is not related to the possibility of a cure, but it could hinder the moral of asthmatics. Pointing out the current problems and setbacks negates the positive things said about the disease. Steps in the opposite direction on the road to a cure can be just as damaging if not more so than the fact that a cure is so far away. By depicting asthma in a negative way, the media help one extreme of the problem. If people have no hope for a cure, their outlook on life cannot be as good as it could be. All people should live their lives and be happy, but the media could hinder this with negative views. The Positive Approach â€Å"The development of new products and treatments will provide a real advantage to people who currently suffer from asthma and allergies.

Reactions on Reaction Paper

Reaction on Reaction Paper The first thing that came to my mind when I have heard about Reaction paper is â€Å"What exactly is it? † and before I get an understanding of that, I resisted that change. But later, when I have studied about it and understood its purpose, I have started thinking â€Å"Why people avoid change at the first look without an analysis? † The general human tendency is to live in a comfortable zone in which he has lived for quite some time. He draws a circle, thinks that circle is his whole world. Any small change to that particular circle causes lot of discomfort to him and the first thing he does is to resist the change. The reaction can be a positive one or negative one and it depends on four parameters Attitude, Pre-experience, Knowledge and Mindset of the person who is exposed to that particular situation. I am going to explore a little more about all these parameters in this reaction paper. Attitude of a person has roots in the environment he has been brought up. There can be two types of attitude: positive and negative. If he has seen all the negative reactions from the people surrounding him, he will react in a negative way to whatever he faces. The same is applicable even to positive attitude. It takes lot of effort and time to change the attitude of the person. For example, a positive attitude person, when hears about Reaction paper, thinks that â€Å"This is something different from what I have seen till now. It looks very interesting and let me try it out† and negative attitude person thinks â€Å"Why is this reaction paper? Why do we have to change the traditional system? Anyways it won’t bring much change in my thinking†. When we talk about attitude, remember that it comes without any thought process. It is just the impulse effect. Pre-experience is another parameter which highly influences the resistance to change. If the person has faced similar situation in the past and his positive attitude has not brought him any fruitful results, he will immediately react to the change. He won’t be doing an analysis what exactly happened in the past situation and how exactly the new situation is different from that. The moment he brings in the pros and cons of the both situations, he will be in a good position to analyse the situation. But for this, he should have faced the similar situations with different outcomes because of different attitudes. If he has seen the same outcome even with different approaches, then he is bound to react in a negative way to the situation. Mindset as a factor depends on mood of the person at that moment. If the person has been tired for the complete day, he won’t be in a position to accept the change. This is applicable to sad/fear/angry moods. When he is in any of the moods as mentioned above, negative matter is generated in the brain and that affects his mindset to the situation. In contrast, if the person is in a joyous mood, he readily accept the change at that moment even without analysis as joy/happiness produces positive matter in the brain. Complete knowledge of the situation is also another factor which affects the reaction/action. Depending on the amount of knowledge, person’s perception of the situation changes. If he has the complete knowledge of the situation, he will react in a positive way. One example can be policy communication in the Organization. When the employer communicates well about the change through workshops, fun events and drives the need for it, then it takes very less time for the employees to get adjusted to the change. In contrast to that, if you just talk about change without giving the knowledge about why it is required, why now etc, then employees are tend to react in a negative way to the change. In brief, if the person can control all the four factors mentioned above, he takes the change process in positive way. If I have to link it with one of the Teachings from the class, I will say that my question of â€Å"Why people avoid change at the first look without an analysis? † is the problem statement and the theory I searched for is people reactions to the change. I identified four variables to identify the cause for the reaction. Finally, I have developed my own theory of â€Å"Reasons for the reaction of the person to a situation and ways to control it†

Terrorism And Its Effects On The Pursuit Of Political Aim

Terrorism is defined as the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aim. The United States Department of Defense defines terrorism as â€Å"the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.†(1) Terrorism has been around around since the first century BCE. The Sicarii were the first jewish group who murdered enemies and collaborators in their campaign to oust their Roman rulers from Judea. The Sicarii would hide daggers in their cloaks and then they would murder innocent victims. One of their most successful kills was that of a high priest named Jonathan. Terrorism doesn’t stop there, during the late 1700’s the Reign of Terror was that of horrible violence during the French Revolution. During the ruling of Jacobin Club thousands were killed including Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. The Reign of Terror as it was known was put to an end by a french lawyer and politician names Maximilien Robespierre. However, the Reign of Terror is up for debate because many scholars do not consider this to be a form of terrorism because it was carried out by the French. Moving forward to modern terrorism Ireland had a group called the Irish Republican Army (IRA) which were primarily revolutionary and militant nationalist groups. It was their belief that political violence was necessary to achieveShow MoreRelatedTerrorist Attacks On The World Trade Center1170 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent than the dangers of terrorism at a global scale: domestic terrorism. At its core, domestic terrorism differs from any other type of terrorism in the sense that those who carry it out are citizens or permanent residents of a given country and who inflict violence and intimidation against their fellow citizens or permanent residents in the pursuit of political aims (Sharpe, 2000, p. 606). 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